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Body dysmorphic disorder, also called body dysmorphia, is a mental health condition that affects how you view and feel about your body and appearance. It involves intense preoccupation with one or multiple perceived “flaws” with the way you look that are minor or unnoticeable to others.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af As a result of these thoughts, people with body dysmorphic disorder may repeatedly check the mirror, use makeup to cover up perceived “flaws,” or seek constant validation from others. They may also feel so ashamed, embarrassed, or anxious about their appearance that they avoid social situations. Some with the condition have surgery to “fix” the flaw, but often aren’t satisfied with the results.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af There is no cure for body dysmorphic disorder, but there are effective treatments to address the symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af
Signs and Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms Body dysmorphic disorder affects the way you think and feel about your appearance. Symptoms may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976299417e2d5-56b3-476e-a018-fbc5d26d8fa1e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762922a08ea2-5915-471b-abd8-9a95b79a6029e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292a5835cf-304c-4d97-94aa-7f046a72ce1a Extreme preoccupation with a perceived “flaw” that appears minor or that others don’t notice at all Excessive time (3 to 8 hours or more) spent thinking about a perceived flaw; these thoughts are difficult to control Compulsion to look in the mirror or another reflective surface like a window to check your appearance Shame or disgust about your appearance or perceived flaw An all-consuming belief that your perceived flaw makes you “ugly” or “deformed” Attempts to hide a perceived flaw with makeup, styling, or clothes. Constantly comparing your appearance to how others look Frequent attempts to get validation about your appearance from others. Surgical procedures undergone to “fix” a perceived flaw, often with little satisfaction with the results Avoidance of social situations due to anxiety, shame, or embarrassment Thoughts of self-harm or suicide This perpetual obsession with your appearance, excessive thoughts, and repetitive behaviors are often unwanted and difficult to control. They may take up so much of your time and energy that it takes a significant toll on your daily life, leading to problems with your social life, work, school, or other areas of functioning.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ab98b611-2df3-4201-b204-4f6595fac9b4 You may overly focus on one area of your body or multiple areas, and these areas can change over time. The most common body parts that people with body dysmorphic disorder focus on are:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629be909477-bb57-4854-82c8-ef9c1d891a73e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e85a48ad-f391-4557-9be6-baa66ab357e6 Face, including your nose, acne, wrinkles, complexion, or blemishes Hair and its appearance, including thinning or baldness Chest or breast size Muscle size and tone Hips, thighs, or buttocks Genitalia, including penis size or overall appearance of one’s genitals
Causes and Risk Factors of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Causes The exact cause of body dysmorphic disorder is not well understood. It’s likely due to a combination of factors, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298fd11daf-7a0f-48e7-aac9-4eb479676872e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762924eb4991-9a80-4c13-815f-b3e05151f234 Genetics: You are 3 to 8 times more likely to develop body dysmorphic disorder if you have a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) with the condition. Brain structure and function: Certain areas of the brain work differently in people who have body dysmorphic disorder. These areas of the brain may be overactive, causing thoughts and actions to be difficult to control. Certain brain chemicals: Problems with the brain chemical serotonin are thought to be a potential cause of body dysmorphic disorder. Cultural influences: Life in a society with high pressures and expectations of beauty can increase your risk of developing the disorder. History of childhood abuse or neglect: A history of adverse childhood experiences increases your risk of developing body dysmorphic disorder. Bullying: Being bullied or teased as a child may increase your likelihood of developing the condition. Certain personality traits: Certain qualities like perfectionism can increase your risk for the condition. Other mental health conditions: Anxiety or depression can raise your risk for body dysmorphic disorder.
How Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder Diagnosed? Diagnosis There are no medical tests that can diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, but there are other ways a mental health professional can determine if you have the condition. This includes talking to a healthcare provider about your symptoms. They may use a screening tool, a specialized set of questions designed to help your provider understand your symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 Then, your provider will compare your symptoms with the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition (DSM-5), the manual used to diagnose mental health conditions like body dysmorphic disorder.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 Some people with body dysmorphic disorder live with the condition for many years before seeking formal diagnosis. That may be because they don’t realize their symptoms are signs of a mental health condition or because they are embarrassed or afraid to ask for help.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 If you notice signs and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in yourself, try to see your healthcare provider or a mental health professional as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce its severity.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00
Treatment and Medication Options for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Treatment There’s no cure for body dysmorphic disorder, but effective treatments are available to help manage its symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292e44546e-c3a9-47d5-9e96-341989750417e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762903323056-2820-4393-9f8f-52761ee57ee1 Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder commonly involves psychotherapy (talk therapy) and medications. Occasionally, severe symptoms may warrant hospitalization.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292e44546e-c3a9-47d5-9e96-341989750417e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762903323056-2820-4393-9f8f-52761ee57ee1 Talk Therapy Talk therapy involves meeting with a licensed therapist to talk about your symptoms and and find ways to manage those symptoms. Two common types of talk therapy used to treat body dysmorphic disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and family therapy .e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290172a6d4-5846-4bb7-8562-b504656c07b2e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629df0ef433-b520-4fdf-8494-68f6805e6084 CBT is a type of therapy that can help you understand how negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors feed into your symptoms, challenge those thoughts, and learn other ways to manage your symptoms that do not include mirror checking, reassurance seeking, or excessive use of cosmetic procedures. Family Therapy is a type of therapy that involves multiple family members meeting with a therapist to improve relationships within the family unit and behaviors among family members. Medication Although no medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for body dysmorphic disorder, medications such as antidepressants can help manage symptoms. A class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be particularly effective for body dysmorphic disorder because the condition is thought to be related to issues with the brain chemical serotonin.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976299c1268d9-4367-42a1-ac28-7a6deb1acb33e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f674fd8d-dd35-40e7-8c1c-473d3102c7b1
Hospitalization If your symptoms are severe enough that they’re making it difficult for you to function, or if you’re having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, you may need to be temporarily hospitalized for your safety.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629236a1ff6-868e-41bb-bea9-6bb2301b3079
Prevention of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Prevention Because the root cause isn’t fully known, there’s currently no way to prevent or reduce risk of body dysmorphic disorder. But with treatment, it’s possible to manage the symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292bbbe2e4-95af-41ef-a60e-02d4ed7c6d34
Lifestyle Changes for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Lifestyle Changes Along with standard treatment, the following lifestyle strategies can help you manage the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b2ae1fe9-6a95-48c6-946e-95ed717a4856 Take your medications as prescribed. Most people with body dysmorphic disorder experience fewer symptoms and feel better when they take their medication. Don’t stop your medication without first talking to your doctor, as stopping suddenly could increase thoughts of suicide . See your therapist regularly. Talk therapy is an important treatment for body dysmorphic disorder, and attending these appointments with your therapist can help you learn the skills necessary to alleviate your symptoms. Therapy also increases the effectiveness of medication. Avoid cosmetic surgery. Many people with body dysmorphic disorder think that cosmetic surgery will make them feel better, but most of the time, it doesn’t. It may make you feel worse about your area of concern, and cause a perpetual cycle of cosmetic procedures.
How Long Does Body Dysmorphic Disorder Last? Prognosis and Outlook As mentioned, body dysmorphic disorder has no cure. Once you develop the condition, you will have it for life. But evidence-based treatments like therapy can lessen the frequency and severity of symptoms, resulting in fewer disruptions to your daily life.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762902283f9d-0d45-4640-b890-796269722acbe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629bfb64255-7f51-46cd-9de5-114febf8fbef
Complications of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Complications If you have body dysmorphic disorder, the all-consuming negative thoughts and feelings about your appearance can become intense and cause distress. This distress can make it difficult to study, work, spend time with others, or complete your daily responsibilities.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 Body dysmorphic disorder tends to get worse over time if it’s not treated. Thoughts of self-harm and suicide are common in those with the disorder, and these thoughts tend to intensify if the condition is untreated. Up to 80 percent of people living with untreated body dysmorphic disorder have suicidal thoughts, and nearly 25 percent of people with the condition attempt suicide. People with body dysmorphic disorder are also 45 times more likely to die by suicide than those without it.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 That’s why it’s important to see your doctor as soon as possible if you’re having symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment may stop these symptoms from getting worse.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 Signs and symptoms of suicidal thoughts or behaviors may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e641a673-7cd1-483f-8d37-7bd75b81a787 Mentioning death or wanting to die Feeling guilt, shame, or like a burden to others Emotional or physical pain that feels like it’s too much to bear Feelings of emptiness or hopelessness Intense sadness, anxiety, rage, agitation, or mood swings Increased drug or alcohol use Changes in eating or sleeping patterns Increased risky behaviors, such as driving too fast Social withdrawal or saying goodbye to loved ones with no other logical reason for doing so Researching ways to die or creating a plan Other complications of body dysmorphic disorder may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629460ff560-d9dd-4b28-85a4-4ce73b831e6fe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629643bbdb6-462f-4773-91f7-37467694f492 Anxiety Bipolar spectrum disorders Depression Eating disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder Psychotic disorders Substance abuse disorders, such as steroid use disorder in people whose condition affects their view of their muscles
Research and Statistics: Who Has Body Dysmorphic Disorder? Research and Statistics Body dysmorphic disorder typically begins to develop in the teen or early adult years. An estimated 2 to 3 percent of adults and 2 to 5 percent of adolescents in the United States have the condition. It happens more often in women than men.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629045a2770-2bd6-408c-9747-57e43eb1d36ae60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d59f2da6-ccb8-4f03-9626-de950e755230
The Takeaway Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental health condition involving obsessive thoughts and worries around appearance or perceived “flaws,” which often seem minor or unnoticeable to others. The symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder can significantly disrupt one’s ability to function at work, school, their social life, and other areas. People with body dysmorphic disorder are at an increased risk for self-harm and suicidal thoughts, which is why early diagnosis and treatment are important. Although body dysmorphic disorder has no cure, treatments like talk therapy and medication can help manage the symptoms.
If you or a loved one is experiencing significant distress or having thoughts about suicide and need support, call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, available 24/7. If you need immediate help, call 911.For more help and information, see these Mental Health Resources and Helplines.
Resources We Trust Cleveland Clinic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mayo Clinic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Symptoms and Causes Johns Hopkins Medicine: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Anxiety & Depression Association of America: Body Dysmorphic Disorder National Health Service: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

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Laryngitis is inflammation of the voice box (larynx), which usually causes the voice to sound hoarse. It can even make some people lose their voice completely. When vocal cords work normally, they open and close smoothly and make sound through vibration. But when they are inflamed and swollen, the sounds produced are distorted, causing the voice to sound hoarse or weak. It can be temporary or chronic depending on the cause and treatment. Most cases of laryngitis are treatable, with recovery often occurring within a few weeks. Chronic laryngitis may require longer-term management.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ba83026a-7a33-499b-8c83-f3d46ace7c15
Types of Laryngitis Types Laryngitis is categorized based on how long it lasts and what’s causing it. Acute Laryngitis This is the most common type of laryngitis and typically lasts for a few days to a week. It often comes with a sore throat , and it’s usually caused by viral infections like the common cold or flu . Chronic Laryngitis Chronic laryngitis lasts for more than three weeks and is usually linked to irritants like smoking, acid reflux , or ongoing infections. It is usually painless and has no significant signs of infection.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629007cedbe-fe26-4adb-9701-364df37bc0df
Signs and Symptoms of Laryngitis Symptoms Acute laryngitis symptoms can vary in severity. These may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298d9be0a2-82d5-48cd-b38c-8998e1b14ce3 Hoarseness or a loss of voice Sore throat or scratchy feeling Dry throat and difficulty swallowing Coughing Fatigue or general discomfort The most common symptom of chronic laryngitis is hoarseness. Other symptoms may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762950527759-8233-47f4-969d-0c237bdb2c4d Low, raspy voice Voice that easily breaks or cracks A lump-in-the-throat sensation Dry throat Constant urge to clear the throat Heavy mucus Pain with swallowing Chronic cough or postnasal drip
Causes and Risk Factors of Laryngitis Causes Laryngitis can be caused by several factors, including infections, irritants, and certain lifestyle habits. Causes of Acute Laryngitis Some common causes of acute laryngitis include: Viral infections such as the common cold or flu Bacterial infections, although those are less common Vocal strain from excessive talking, shouting, or singing Causes of Chronic Laryngitis Chronic laryngitis is usually caused by exposure to irritants over a period of time, leading to vocal strain, injuries, or growths on the vocal cords, which are called polyps or nodules. The most common causes of chronic laryngitis include: Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Acid reflux where stomach acid irritates the throat (also called GERD ) Allergies or environmental irritants like dust or chemicals Consistent overuse of voice (as in teachers or performers) Less commonly, chronic laryngitis can be caused by bacterial or fungal infections or infections with certain parasites. Cancer , vocal cord paralysis, and bowing of vocal cords (caused by aging or paralysis) can also cause chronic laryngitis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629abaec887-1bbf-4247-baba-c670c36ae9fc
How Is Laryngitis Diagnosed? Diagnosis To diagnose laryngitis, a healthcare provider typically begins with a physical exam that includes a review of your symptoms. If the symptoms are chronic, a review of medical history and additional tests may be necessary to determine the underlying cause. Common diagnostic procedures include: Laryngoscopy A doctor may use a small camera to view the vocal cords and throat for signs of inflammation. Throat Culture If a bacterial infection is suspected, a throat swab may be taken to test for bacterial growth. Biopsy If there is a small nodule or lump on the vocal cords, a small piece of tissue may be taken and sent to the lab for analysis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762940a9a4d8-e348-4906-a7e0-ea631685d21e
Treatment and Medication Options for Laryngitis Treatment Treatment for laryngitis typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing any underlying causes. Most cases of acute laryngitis that are caused by a cold or other minor infection probably don’t need treatment. Laryngitis caused by something else may need treatment, depending on the underlying cause. Medication Options Some cases of laryngitis may be treated with one or more of the following medications.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f8e39add-b155-4270-bb69-0a4dc8d5a694 Pain Relievers Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve throat pain. Corticosteroids In cases of severe inflammation, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to reduce swelling. They’re usually only prescribed when there is an urgent need to treat. Antibiotics Most cases of laryngitis are caused by a virus, and so antibiotics aren’t effective. But if a bacterial infection is the cause, antibiotics may be necessary. Surgery Surgery is not typically required for laryngitis unless there is an underlying structural issue, such as vocal cord nodules, cysts, polyps or tumors, causing prolonged symptoms. This type of surgery can be performed with tiny surgical instruments, called microsurgery, or vocal cord laser surgery. Voice rest and voice therapy are often necessary after surgery.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ffa11479-30b3-4a52-8e85-93cf95176e1c Voice Therapy Voice therapy may help treat hoarseness and laryngitis. Trained speech therapists, respiratory therapists, and voice coaches use breathing exercises, tension release exercises, and voice building exercises to help strengthen the voice.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d7214214-64af-4db3-addc-a76f1e80e5a5 Home Remedies Steps you can take on your own to ease the sore throat that comes with acute laryngitis include: Use a humidifier Use a portable nebulizer (available over the counter) with saline solution Gargle with salt watere60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629de9cceea-18e9-4c94-8bd4-d3c3683976a2 Suck on hard candies, ice chips, or ice pops Drink warm fluids, like tea or soup
Prevention of Laryngitis Prevention While some cases of laryngitis are unavoidable, there are several ways to reduce your risk: Avoid smoking. Don’t smoke, and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands frequently to prevent infections. Don’t clear your throat. Clearing your throat makes the vocal cords vibrate abnormally, which can cause swelling and make the throat more irritated. Limit vocal strain. If you use your voice a lot, give your vocal cords regular breaks. Don’t whisper, as that can further strain the voice box.
Lifestyle Changes for Laryngitis Lifestyle Changes A few lifestyle adjustments such as the following can help you manage laryngitis or prevent future flare-ups: Avoid acidic foods. Spicy, acidic, and fatty foods can trigger reflux and worsen laryngitis. If laryngitis is reflux-related, your doctor may recommend medicines for acid reflux. Avoid eating big meals. For laryngitis caused by acid reflux, it may help to eat several small meals instead of one or two big meals. Don’t lie down for at least three hours after eating, especially if it’s a big meal. Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water to keep the throat moist.
How Long Does Laryngitis Last? Prognosis and Outlook The duration of laryngitis depends on the type and cause. In most cases, acute laryngitis will last a week or two. Symptoms that last more than three weeks could mean chronic laryngitis, which may continue until the underlying cause is addressed. This would be a good time to see your doctor. In some cases, laryngitis may require ongoing management.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762979a4afbd-dcca-47b3-a080-8d31ba28a414
Complications of Laryngitis Complications Most cases of laryngitis resolve without complications, but rarely, it may cause breathing difficulties or severe respiratory distress. If you experience trouble breathing or swallowing, seek immediate medical attention.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297013059f-aefa-46a4-9cd0-ed4ccfc0d80d In children, two complications of laryngitis may occur: Croup This narrows the airway passages, causes difficulty breathing, and leads to a “barking” cough. Epiglottitis The epiglottis is the flap of cartilage at the back of the tongue which closes off the windpipe when swallowing. When it becomes inflamed, it can swell and make breathing difficult.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f9bbad14-862e-4d37-9189-28708795fdd4
When to Seek Immediate Medical Care for Laryngitis People should seek immediate medical care for laryngitis if they experience any of the following signs or symptoms:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629829880a4-b5e8-4c2d-bbf1-9477c7259cc1 Trouble breathing Coughing up blood Fever that won’t go away Sore throat has gotten worse over a period of weeks Hoarseness that hasn’t resolved after four weeks should be evaluated with a laryngoscopy by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor. For children, seek immediate care if they: Make noisy, high-pitched breathing sounds when inhaling Drool more than usual Have trouble swallowing or breathing Have a fever
Research and Statistics: How Many People Have Laryngitis? Research and Statistics Laryngitis is a common condition, with acute cases affecting millions of people each year, especially during the cold and flu season. Most people will have laryngitis once every few years. Chronic laryngitis is less common. Research suggests that about 1 in every 5 adults will have chronic laryngitis during their lifetime.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292edc18ed-aa94-4a29-a8a2-13c2248c5d79
Conditions Related to Laryngitis Related Conditions Laryngitis may be related to or occur alongside other conditions, including. Upper Respiratory Infections These are characterized by irritation and swelling of the upper respiratory airways with cough but with no signs of pneumonia . They can involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx , and larynx. Common terms for these infections are a cold, the flu, and acute bronchitis .e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f2691133-10a3-412a-8410-c6454f2b6805 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) In this common condition, the stomach contents move up into the esophagus. The resulting burning, difficulty swallowing, and sore throat can contribute to chronic laryngitis (reflux laryngitis).e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c54f409a-1298-46bd-866e-9d03c388498c Allergies The immune system overreacts in people with allergies, causing the body to produce extra mucus. Allergens get caught in that mucus and can cause the throat to swell and get sore — and it may also make people clear their throat more.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f0d775f7-1a5d-4b25-8927-335be5cf4c72
The Takeaway Laryngitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness and potential loss of voice. Most cases are temporary and are caused by a viral infection like a cold or the flu. Chronic laryngitis is laryngitis that lasts longer than three weeks and often has an underlying cause such as smoking or overusing the voice. If symptoms last longer than three weeks or worsen, consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions.
Resources We Trust Mayo Clinic: Voice DisordersCleveland Clinic: Relief When Allergies Give You a Sore ThroatNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: Taking Care of Your VoiceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention: About Respiratory IllnessesNational Library of Medicine: Acute Laryngitis

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Ovulation pain, also known as mittelschmerz, is discomfort in the lower belly during ovulation, when the ovaries release an egg.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290852a238-ca0b-4114-bcd7-c5cf780b1465 Mittelschmerz comes from the German word meaning “middle pain” because it happens in the middle of the menstrual cycle, around 14 days before a period starts. Although ovulation pain isn’t dangerous and doesn’t need treatment, it’s easy to confuse it with more serious conditions like appendicitis , which can lead to unnecessary tests and treatments.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ef9bf110-6c6e-4e79-88f4-0441baac3da9 Usually, though, the pain is manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and goes away within a few hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290103b706-59a4-435d-83e3-8e19e4c36db8
Signs and Symptoms of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Symptoms Pain from ovulation is usually felt on one side of the lower belly — the side where the ovary is releasing the egg.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762902e18935-4fca-416e-a9e8-94a6cf1bbb8f Ovulation pain can feel like a mild ache or a sudden sharp pain. It can last for minutes, hours, or less often, for more than a day. Other mittelschmerz symptoms are:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b2d17c5a-f121-4b56-bbcc-dd451ad1ce7e Light vaginal bleeding Clear vaginal discharge Low back pain Nausea
Causes and Risk Factors of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Causes Mittelschmerz may be caused by the ovulation process.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e4b66286-93a0-4965-b157-6f4c90524977 During ovulation, the follicle inside the ovary that houses an egg stretches and then breaks open.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298235b458-c2f0-432e-aec0-2f6c886c9a80 Both the stretching and the rupturing of the follicle can be painful. Pain during ovulation is normal for more than 40 percent of women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629855016d0-afe7-4bb3-86fe-43f8b58bf889 But other medical conditions that cause similar pain could be more serious, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e7f5c494-6641-46d7-a154-3ff9999fab6e Appendicitis Ectopic pregnancy Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory diseases from STIs, like chlamydia
How Is Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Diagnosed? Diagnosis The timing, location of the pain, medical history of you and your family, and medications you take can help with the diagnosis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762966b16390-dc39-4a77-bb40-1dbf9a02fd67 If the pain happens 14 days before a menstrual period, lasts for a few hours, and feels like a dull ache, it may be mittelschmerz. Part of the diagnosis involves ruling out other causes of pelvic pain. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762966b16390-dc39-4a77-bb40-1dbf9a02fd67 The healthcare provider will start by asking questions about symptoms, medical history, and menstrual cycle. During a pelvic exam, the doctor will look for other conditions that cause this type of pain, like endometriosis or an ovarian cyst. If the doctor still can’t find a cause for the pain, other tests may be done to confirm the cause, such as:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976296761b7da-42ef-40dd-a5ed-7d918f5ec84a Blood tests Computed tomography (CT) scan Pelvic ultrasound X-ray A swab of cervical fluid to test for an STDe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b10e445e-2593-4f85-991b-77ad7c85c98a
Treatment and Medication Options for Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Treatment Mittelschmerz doesn’t usually need treatment, because the pain goes away within a few minutes or hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 It may help to hold a heating pad on the painful area or take a warm bath. Over-the-counter pain relievers and at-home treatments can calm the pain until it subsides. Medication Options An over-the-counter pain reliever like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) can help with ovarian pain. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 NSAIDs include: Aspirin Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Naproxen (Aleve) If ovulation pain is severe or bothersome, the doctor may prescribe hormonal birth control pills to stop ovulation. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 Stopping ovulation should prevent ovulation pain. You will not be able to get pregnant while taking birth control pills. Complementary and Integrative Therapies In addition to over-the-counter pain relievers, the following complementary therapies may help to relieve ovulation pain, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629a63ac71d-40d7-40d0-b89d-92705df7bb1c Acupuncture Acupressure Massage Mindfulness meditation Yoga Home Remedies If you find your ovulation pain to be generally light, applying heat may help.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298d3b0c0e-6b46-4d09-ade2-4eda1979c5c3 Heat can relax muscles and increase blood flow, which reduces cramping. Try the following for heat remedies: Heating pads Hot baths or showers
Prevention of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Prevention Ovulation pain isn’t preventable, because it’s a normal part of ovulation for some women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b04bc5af-0a08-43e8-8bb9-f0860df8a640 Usually, the pain doesn’t last long. If mittelschmerz is very bothersome, the only way to prevent it is to stop ovulation through hormonal birth control methods like the pill. Certain foods increase inflammation in the body, and may worsen ovarian pain.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e86507e7-0766-4d7b-ab45-9557a2bd0d1a Other foods lower inflammation and may reduce pain. These foods may help with pain related to the menstrual cycle: Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, sweet potatoes, Brussels sprouts Fruits: Berries, oranges, apples Legumes: Beans, peas, lentils Whole grains: Brown rice, oatmeal Eat fewer foods like these, which increase inflammation:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e86507e7-0766-4d7b-ab45-9557a2bd0d1a Animal proteins, like red meat, chicken, and eggs Dairy products Refined grains, like white bread and white rice Fried foods Furthermore, to lessen pain related to the menstrual cycle, it may help to reduce or avoid caffeine and alcohol.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c3b11c8c-3e3a-4b17-a19b-3494010156af
How Long Does Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Last? Prognosis and Outlook Ovulation pain isn’t serious and it should go away on its own within a few minutes or hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f837272d-e648-43f9-8d55-5ff8dc514354 But if this pain is bothersome or it occurs on a regular basis, talk to a healthcare provider about ways to prevent or manage it.
Complications of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Complications Mittelschmerz doesn’t cause any complications, although ovarian pain from a condition like endometriosis or an ectopic pregnancy can lead to problems.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ff7c0f50-b0eb-4657-a308-7cd6fb589c86 Ovarian pain itself should go away within a few hours, or days at most.
How Many People Have Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz)? Research and Statistics Mittelschmerz affects more than 40 percent of women during their reproductive years (the years between when their periods start and end).e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976291b1f2cf7-ff7f-4b08-8e4b-986443b583ec Many have ovarian pain during every menstrual cycle, starting a few years after they get their first period.
Disparities and Inequities in Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Disparities There is currently no research to show that mittelschmerz affects any race more than another. But not everyone who needs treatment may have access to it. To prevent ovulation pain, hormonal birth control is needed to stop ovulation. But racial and ethnic disparities in access to hormonal birth control do exist.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297b17d971-95bf-426d-93b5-4cf3c127ef8d White women are more likely to be prescribed hormonal medications than are Black or Latinx women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297b17d971-95bf-426d-93b5-4cf3c127ef8d One reason is bias among healthcare providers. Another is that studies on hormonal therapy for treating menstrual cycle problems disproportionately include more white participants than participants of color. And, for various reasons, including beliefs about treatment, certain racial and ethnic groups may be less likely to follow the treatment plan for ovarian pain that their doctor prescribes.
Conditions Related to Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Related Conditions Several other conditions that cause ovarian or lower belly pain may be mistaken for mittelschmerz, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d22b7175-51ea-4e55-8eb7-112c68f23888 Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix, an organ in the lower belly Ectopic pregnancy When a fertilized egg implants and starts to grow outside of the uterus, often in a fallopian tube Endometriosis Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus that grows in other parts of the abdomen and causes pain Ovarian cyst A fluid-filled sac that forms in the ovary Ovarian torsion When an ovary twists around Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) An infection of the reproductive organs Scar tissue Scarring from a C-section or other abdominal surgery that causes organs in the belly to stick together (adhesions) The Takeaway Ovulation pain affects around 40 percent of women who are of reproductive age. It may be caused by the follicle stretching and then rupturing to release the egg. The pain is most often felt in the lower belly on the same side as the follicle. Mittelschmerz usually lasts only a few hours and is manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and a heating pad.
Resources We Trust Cleveland Clinic: Ovulation Calendar: What It Is and How to Use It Mayo Clinic: MittelschmerzPhysicians Committee for Responsible Medicine: Using Foods Against Menstrual PainNHS: Ovulation PainPlanned Parenthood: Can birth control help with period cramps?

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