What Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

Body dysmorphic disorder, also called body dysmorphia, is a mental health condition that affects how you view and feel about your body and appearance. It involves intense preoccupation with one or multiple perceived “flaws” with the way you look that are minor or unnoticeable to others.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af As a result of these thoughts, people with body dysmorphic disorder may repeatedly check the mirror, use makeup to cover up perceived “flaws,” or seek constant validation from others. They may also feel so ashamed, embarrassed, or anxious about their appearance that they avoid social situations. Some with the condition have surgery to “fix” the flaw, but often aren’t satisfied with the results.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af There is no cure for body dysmorphic disorder, but there are effective treatments to address the symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c9063863-24d8-4012-aa6c-9dbc1e5bc5af
Signs and Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms Body dysmorphic disorder affects the way you think and feel about your appearance. Symptoms may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976299417e2d5-56b3-476e-a018-fbc5d26d8fa1e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762922a08ea2-5915-471b-abd8-9a95b79a6029e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292a5835cf-304c-4d97-94aa-7f046a72ce1a Extreme preoccupation with a perceived “flaw” that appears minor or that others don’t notice at all Excessive time (3 to 8 hours or more) spent thinking about a perceived flaw; these thoughts are difficult to control Compulsion to look in the mirror or another reflective surface like a window to check your appearance Shame or disgust about your appearance or perceived flaw An all-consuming belief that your perceived flaw makes you “ugly” or “deformed” Attempts to hide a perceived flaw with makeup, styling, or clothes. Constantly comparing your appearance to how others look Frequent attempts to get validation about your appearance from others. Surgical procedures undergone to “fix” a perceived flaw, often with little satisfaction with the results Avoidance of social situations due to anxiety, shame, or embarrassment Thoughts of self-harm or suicide This perpetual obsession with your appearance, excessive thoughts, and repetitive behaviors are often unwanted and difficult to control. They may take up so much of your time and energy that it takes a significant toll on your daily life, leading to problems with your social life, work, school, or other areas of functioning.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ab98b611-2df3-4201-b204-4f6595fac9b4 You may overly focus on one area of your body or multiple areas, and these areas can change over time. The most common body parts that people with body dysmorphic disorder focus on are:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629be909477-bb57-4854-82c8-ef9c1d891a73e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e85a48ad-f391-4557-9be6-baa66ab357e6 Face, including your nose, acne, wrinkles, complexion, or blemishes Hair and its appearance, including thinning or baldness Chest or breast size Muscle size and tone Hips, thighs, or buttocks Genitalia, including penis size or overall appearance of one’s genitals
Causes and Risk Factors of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Causes The exact cause of body dysmorphic disorder is not well understood. It’s likely due to a combination of factors, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298fd11daf-7a0f-48e7-aac9-4eb479676872e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762924eb4991-9a80-4c13-815f-b3e05151f234 Genetics: You are 3 to 8 times more likely to develop body dysmorphic disorder if you have a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) with the condition. Brain structure and function: Certain areas of the brain work differently in people who have body dysmorphic disorder. These areas of the brain may be overactive, causing thoughts and actions to be difficult to control. Certain brain chemicals: Problems with the brain chemical serotonin are thought to be a potential cause of body dysmorphic disorder. Cultural influences: Life in a society with high pressures and expectations of beauty can increase your risk of developing the disorder. History of childhood abuse or neglect: A history of adverse childhood experiences increases your risk of developing body dysmorphic disorder. Bullying: Being bullied or teased as a child may increase your likelihood of developing the condition. Certain personality traits: Certain qualities like perfectionism can increase your risk for the condition. Other mental health conditions: Anxiety or depression can raise your risk for body dysmorphic disorder.
How Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder Diagnosed? Diagnosis There are no medical tests that can diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, but there are other ways a mental health professional can determine if you have the condition. This includes talking to a healthcare provider about your symptoms. They may use a screening tool, a specialized set of questions designed to help your provider understand your symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 Then, your provider will compare your symptoms with the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition (DSM-5), the manual used to diagnose mental health conditions like body dysmorphic disorder.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 Some people with body dysmorphic disorder live with the condition for many years before seeking formal diagnosis. That may be because they don’t realize their symptoms are signs of a mental health condition or because they are embarrassed or afraid to ask for help.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00 If you notice signs and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in yourself, try to see your healthcare provider or a mental health professional as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce its severity.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629914ccd27-a88e-4000-b5e8-149e84675b00
Treatment and Medication Options for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Treatment There’s no cure for body dysmorphic disorder, but effective treatments are available to help manage its symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292e44546e-c3a9-47d5-9e96-341989750417e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762903323056-2820-4393-9f8f-52761ee57ee1 Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder commonly involves psychotherapy (talk therapy) and medications. Occasionally, severe symptoms may warrant hospitalization.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292e44546e-c3a9-47d5-9e96-341989750417e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762903323056-2820-4393-9f8f-52761ee57ee1 Talk Therapy Talk therapy involves meeting with a licensed therapist to talk about your symptoms and and find ways to manage those symptoms. Two common types of talk therapy used to treat body dysmorphic disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and family therapy .e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290172a6d4-5846-4bb7-8562-b504656c07b2e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629df0ef433-b520-4fdf-8494-68f6805e6084 CBT is a type of therapy that can help you understand how negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors feed into your symptoms, challenge those thoughts, and learn other ways to manage your symptoms that do not include mirror checking, reassurance seeking, or excessive use of cosmetic procedures. Family Therapy is a type of therapy that involves multiple family members meeting with a therapist to improve relationships within the family unit and behaviors among family members. Medication Although no medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for body dysmorphic disorder, medications such as antidepressants can help manage symptoms. A class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be particularly effective for body dysmorphic disorder because the condition is thought to be related to issues with the brain chemical serotonin.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976299c1268d9-4367-42a1-ac28-7a6deb1acb33e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f674fd8d-dd35-40e7-8c1c-473d3102c7b1
Hospitalization If your symptoms are severe enough that they’re making it difficult for you to function, or if you’re having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, you may need to be temporarily hospitalized for your safety.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629236a1ff6-868e-41bb-bea9-6bb2301b3079
Prevention of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Prevention Because the root cause isn’t fully known, there’s currently no way to prevent or reduce risk of body dysmorphic disorder. But with treatment, it’s possible to manage the symptoms.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292bbbe2e4-95af-41ef-a60e-02d4ed7c6d34
Lifestyle Changes for Body Dysmorphic Disorder Lifestyle Changes Along with standard treatment, the following lifestyle strategies can help you manage the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b2ae1fe9-6a95-48c6-946e-95ed717a4856 Take your medications as prescribed. Most people with body dysmorphic disorder experience fewer symptoms and feel better when they take their medication. Don’t stop your medication without first talking to your doctor, as stopping suddenly could increase thoughts of suicide . See your therapist regularly. Talk therapy is an important treatment for body dysmorphic disorder, and attending these appointments with your therapist can help you learn the skills necessary to alleviate your symptoms. Therapy also increases the effectiveness of medication. Avoid cosmetic surgery. Many people with body dysmorphic disorder think that cosmetic surgery will make them feel better, but most of the time, it doesn’t. It may make you feel worse about your area of concern, and cause a perpetual cycle of cosmetic procedures.
How Long Does Body Dysmorphic Disorder Last? Prognosis and Outlook As mentioned, body dysmorphic disorder has no cure. Once you develop the condition, you will have it for life. But evidence-based treatments like therapy can lessen the frequency and severity of symptoms, resulting in fewer disruptions to your daily life.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762902283f9d-0d45-4640-b890-796269722acbe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629bfb64255-7f51-46cd-9de5-114febf8fbef
Complications of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Complications If you have body dysmorphic disorder, the all-consuming negative thoughts and feelings about your appearance can become intense and cause distress. This distress can make it difficult to study, work, spend time with others, or complete your daily responsibilities.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 Body dysmorphic disorder tends to get worse over time if it’s not treated. Thoughts of self-harm and suicide are common in those with the disorder, and these thoughts tend to intensify if the condition is untreated. Up to 80 percent of people living with untreated body dysmorphic disorder have suicidal thoughts, and nearly 25 percent of people with the condition attempt suicide. People with body dysmorphic disorder are also 45 times more likely to die by suicide than those without it.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 That’s why it’s important to see your doctor as soon as possible if you’re having symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment may stop these symptoms from getting worse.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298e3a4ab3-2e73-43c8-bc8b-b2b29184fe40 Signs and symptoms of suicidal thoughts or behaviors may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e641a673-7cd1-483f-8d37-7bd75b81a787 Mentioning death or wanting to die Feeling guilt, shame, or like a burden to others Emotional or physical pain that feels like it’s too much to bear Feelings of emptiness or hopelessness Intense sadness, anxiety, rage, agitation, or mood swings Increased drug or alcohol use Changes in eating or sleeping patterns Increased risky behaviors, such as driving too fast Social withdrawal or saying goodbye to loved ones with no other logical reason for doing so Researching ways to die or creating a plan Other complications of body dysmorphic disorder may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629460ff560-d9dd-4b28-85a4-4ce73b831e6fe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629643bbdb6-462f-4773-91f7-37467694f492 Anxiety Bipolar spectrum disorders Depression Eating disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder Psychotic disorders Substance abuse disorders, such as steroid use disorder in people whose condition affects their view of their muscles
Research and Statistics: Who Has Body Dysmorphic Disorder? Research and Statistics Body dysmorphic disorder typically begins to develop in the teen or early adult years. An estimated 2 to 3 percent of adults and 2 to 5 percent of adolescents in the United States have the condition. It happens more often in women than men.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629045a2770-2bd6-408c-9747-57e43eb1d36ae60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d59f2da6-ccb8-4f03-9626-de950e755230
The Takeaway Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental health condition involving obsessive thoughts and worries around appearance or perceived “flaws,” which often seem minor or unnoticeable to others. The symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder can significantly disrupt one’s ability to function at work, school, their social life, and other areas. People with body dysmorphic disorder are at an increased risk for self-harm and suicidal thoughts, which is why early diagnosis and treatment are important. Although body dysmorphic disorder has no cure, treatments like talk therapy and medication can help manage the symptoms.
If you or a loved one is experiencing significant distress or having thoughts about suicide and need support, call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, available 24/7. If you need immediate help, call 911.For more help and information, see these Mental Health Resources and Helplines.
Resources We Trust Cleveland Clinic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Mayo Clinic: Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Symptoms and Causes Johns Hopkins Medicine: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Anxiety & Depression Association of America: Body Dysmorphic Disorder National Health Service: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Source link

What Is Laryngitis?

Laryngitis is inflammation of the voice box (larynx), which usually causes the voice to sound hoarse. It can even make some people lose their voice completely. When vocal cords work normally, they open and close smoothly and make sound through vibration. But when they are inflamed and swollen, the sounds produced are distorted, causing the voice to sound hoarse or weak. It can be temporary or chronic depending on the cause and treatment. Most cases of laryngitis are treatable, with recovery often occurring within a few weeks. Chronic laryngitis may require longer-term management.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ba83026a-7a33-499b-8c83-f3d46ace7c15
Types of Laryngitis Types Laryngitis is categorized based on how long it lasts and what’s causing it. Acute Laryngitis This is the most common type of laryngitis and typically lasts for a few days to a week. It often comes with a sore throat , and it’s usually caused by viral infections like the common cold or flu . Chronic Laryngitis Chronic laryngitis lasts for more than three weeks and is usually linked to irritants like smoking, acid reflux , or ongoing infections. It is usually painless and has no significant signs of infection.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629007cedbe-fe26-4adb-9701-364df37bc0df
Signs and Symptoms of Laryngitis Symptoms Acute laryngitis symptoms can vary in severity. These may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298d9be0a2-82d5-48cd-b38c-8998e1b14ce3 Hoarseness or a loss of voice Sore throat or scratchy feeling Dry throat and difficulty swallowing Coughing Fatigue or general discomfort The most common symptom of chronic laryngitis is hoarseness. Other symptoms may include:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762950527759-8233-47f4-969d-0c237bdb2c4d Low, raspy voice Voice that easily breaks or cracks A lump-in-the-throat sensation Dry throat Constant urge to clear the throat Heavy mucus Pain with swallowing Chronic cough or postnasal drip
Causes and Risk Factors of Laryngitis Causes Laryngitis can be caused by several factors, including infections, irritants, and certain lifestyle habits. Causes of Acute Laryngitis Some common causes of acute laryngitis include: Viral infections such as the common cold or flu Bacterial infections, although those are less common Vocal strain from excessive talking, shouting, or singing Causes of Chronic Laryngitis Chronic laryngitis is usually caused by exposure to irritants over a period of time, leading to vocal strain, injuries, or growths on the vocal cords, which are called polyps or nodules. The most common causes of chronic laryngitis include: Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Acid reflux where stomach acid irritates the throat (also called GERD ) Allergies or environmental irritants like dust or chemicals Consistent overuse of voice (as in teachers or performers) Less commonly, chronic laryngitis can be caused by bacterial or fungal infections or infections with certain parasites. Cancer , vocal cord paralysis, and bowing of vocal cords (caused by aging or paralysis) can also cause chronic laryngitis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629abaec887-1bbf-4247-baba-c670c36ae9fc
How Is Laryngitis Diagnosed? Diagnosis To diagnose laryngitis, a healthcare provider typically begins with a physical exam that includes a review of your symptoms. If the symptoms are chronic, a review of medical history and additional tests may be necessary to determine the underlying cause. Common diagnostic procedures include: Laryngoscopy A doctor may use a small camera to view the vocal cords and throat for signs of inflammation. Throat Culture If a bacterial infection is suspected, a throat swab may be taken to test for bacterial growth. Biopsy If there is a small nodule or lump on the vocal cords, a small piece of tissue may be taken and sent to the lab for analysis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762940a9a4d8-e348-4906-a7e0-ea631685d21e
Treatment and Medication Options for Laryngitis Treatment Treatment for laryngitis typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing any underlying causes. Most cases of acute laryngitis that are caused by a cold or other minor infection probably don’t need treatment. Laryngitis caused by something else may need treatment, depending on the underlying cause. Medication Options Some cases of laryngitis may be treated with one or more of the following medications.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f8e39add-b155-4270-bb69-0a4dc8d5a694 Pain Relievers Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve throat pain. Corticosteroids In cases of severe inflammation, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to reduce swelling. They’re usually only prescribed when there is an urgent need to treat. Antibiotics Most cases of laryngitis are caused by a virus, and so antibiotics aren’t effective. But if a bacterial infection is the cause, antibiotics may be necessary. Surgery Surgery is not typically required for laryngitis unless there is an underlying structural issue, such as vocal cord nodules, cysts, polyps or tumors, causing prolonged symptoms. This type of surgery can be performed with tiny surgical instruments, called microsurgery, or vocal cord laser surgery. Voice rest and voice therapy are often necessary after surgery.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ffa11479-30b3-4a52-8e85-93cf95176e1c Voice Therapy Voice therapy may help treat hoarseness and laryngitis. Trained speech therapists, respiratory therapists, and voice coaches use breathing exercises, tension release exercises, and voice building exercises to help strengthen the voice.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d7214214-64af-4db3-addc-a76f1e80e5a5 Home Remedies Steps you can take on your own to ease the sore throat that comes with acute laryngitis include: Use a humidifier Use a portable nebulizer (available over the counter) with saline solution Gargle with salt watere60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629de9cceea-18e9-4c94-8bd4-d3c3683976a2 Suck on hard candies, ice chips, or ice pops Drink warm fluids, like tea or soup
Prevention of Laryngitis Prevention While some cases of laryngitis are unavoidable, there are several ways to reduce your risk: Avoid smoking. Don’t smoke, and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands frequently to prevent infections. Don’t clear your throat. Clearing your throat makes the vocal cords vibrate abnormally, which can cause swelling and make the throat more irritated. Limit vocal strain. If you use your voice a lot, give your vocal cords regular breaks. Don’t whisper, as that can further strain the voice box.
Lifestyle Changes for Laryngitis Lifestyle Changes A few lifestyle adjustments such as the following can help you manage laryngitis or prevent future flare-ups: Avoid acidic foods. Spicy, acidic, and fatty foods can trigger reflux and worsen laryngitis. If laryngitis is reflux-related, your doctor may recommend medicines for acid reflux. Avoid eating big meals. For laryngitis caused by acid reflux, it may help to eat several small meals instead of one or two big meals. Don’t lie down for at least three hours after eating, especially if it’s a big meal. Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water to keep the throat moist.
How Long Does Laryngitis Last? Prognosis and Outlook The duration of laryngitis depends on the type and cause. In most cases, acute laryngitis will last a week or two. Symptoms that last more than three weeks could mean chronic laryngitis, which may continue until the underlying cause is addressed. This would be a good time to see your doctor. In some cases, laryngitis may require ongoing management.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762979a4afbd-dcca-47b3-a080-8d31ba28a414
Complications of Laryngitis Complications Most cases of laryngitis resolve without complications, but rarely, it may cause breathing difficulties or severe respiratory distress. If you experience trouble breathing or swallowing, seek immediate medical attention.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297013059f-aefa-46a4-9cd0-ed4ccfc0d80d In children, two complications of laryngitis may occur: Croup This narrows the airway passages, causes difficulty breathing, and leads to a “barking” cough. Epiglottitis The epiglottis is the flap of cartilage at the back of the tongue which closes off the windpipe when swallowing. When it becomes inflamed, it can swell and make breathing difficult.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f9bbad14-862e-4d37-9189-28708795fdd4
When to Seek Immediate Medical Care for Laryngitis People should seek immediate medical care for laryngitis if they experience any of the following signs or symptoms:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629829880a4-b5e8-4c2d-bbf1-9477c7259cc1 Trouble breathing Coughing up blood Fever that won’t go away Sore throat has gotten worse over a period of weeks Hoarseness that hasn’t resolved after four weeks should be evaluated with a laryngoscopy by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor. For children, seek immediate care if they: Make noisy, high-pitched breathing sounds when inhaling Drool more than usual Have trouble swallowing or breathing Have a fever
Research and Statistics: How Many People Have Laryngitis? Research and Statistics Laryngitis is a common condition, with acute cases affecting millions of people each year, especially during the cold and flu season. Most people will have laryngitis once every few years. Chronic laryngitis is less common. Research suggests that about 1 in every 5 adults will have chronic laryngitis during their lifetime.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976292edc18ed-aa94-4a29-a8a2-13c2248c5d79
Conditions Related to Laryngitis Related Conditions Laryngitis may be related to or occur alongside other conditions, including. Upper Respiratory Infections These are characterized by irritation and swelling of the upper respiratory airways with cough but with no signs of pneumonia . They can involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx , and larynx. Common terms for these infections are a cold, the flu, and acute bronchitis .e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f2691133-10a3-412a-8410-c6454f2b6805 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) In this common condition, the stomach contents move up into the esophagus. The resulting burning, difficulty swallowing, and sore throat can contribute to chronic laryngitis (reflux laryngitis).e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c54f409a-1298-46bd-866e-9d03c388498c Allergies The immune system overreacts in people with allergies, causing the body to produce extra mucus. Allergens get caught in that mucus and can cause the throat to swell and get sore — and it may also make people clear their throat more.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f0d775f7-1a5d-4b25-8927-335be5cf4c72
The Takeaway Laryngitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness and potential loss of voice. Most cases are temporary and are caused by a viral infection like a cold or the flu. Chronic laryngitis is laryngitis that lasts longer than three weeks and often has an underlying cause such as smoking or overusing the voice. If symptoms last longer than three weeks or worsen, consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions.
Resources We Trust Mayo Clinic: Voice DisordersCleveland Clinic: Relief When Allergies Give You a Sore ThroatNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: Taking Care of Your VoiceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention: About Respiratory IllnessesNational Library of Medicine: Acute Laryngitis

Source link

Sleep Remedies That May Not Work (and Could Do Harm)

If you’re dealing with insomnia, prescription sleep medications can help you fall asleep. However, they’re not meant to replace good sleep habits, and most are not intended to be used indefinitely.

For one thing, many prescription sleep medications come with dangerous side effects. “I encourage people to limit their use of prescription sleep aids, which have been associated with various side effects, including sleepwalking, next-day grogginess, falls, and increasing airway collapsibility with sleep,” says Dr. Tsai.

Prescription sleep aids also come with a risk of dependency. “While most prescription sleep aids don’t have significant potential for physical addiction, people can become psychologically dependent on them fairly easily,” says Phil Gehrman, PhD, professor of clinical psychology in psychiatry at the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Eventually, you may feel like you can’t get to sleep without medication.

Some people may also notice that, over time, the sleep medications become less effective, or that they require higher dosages to be effective, Tsai adds.

“They are generally recommended only for short-term use, one month or less,” Dr. Gehrman says. For help with maintaining a good sleep routine during a time period of temporary stress (a common cause of insomnia), prescription sleep aids may be a good short-term solution, he notes. But remember, as goes for all prescription medications, they should be used only under the direction of your doctor.

Source link

10 Healthy Soups That Can Support Weight Loss

Reyna Franco, RDN, is a New York City–based dietitian-nutritionist, certified specialist in sports dietetics, and certified personal trainer. She is a diplomate of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine and has a master’s degree in nutrition and exercise physiology from Columbia University.

In her private practice, she provides medical nutrition therapy for weight management, sports nutrition, diabetes, cardiac disease, renal disease, gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, food allergies, eating disorders, and childhood nutrition. To serve her diverse patients, she demonstrates cultural sensitivity and knowledge of customary food practices. She applies the tenets of lifestyle medicine to reduce the risk of chronic disease and improve health outcomes for her patients.

Franco is also a corporate wellness consultant who conducts wellness counseling and seminars for organizations of every size. She taught sports nutrition to medical students at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, taught life cycle nutrition and nutrition counseling to undergraduate students at LaGuardia Community College, and precepts nutrition students and interns. She created the sports nutrition rotation for the New York Distance Dietetic Internship program.

She is the chair of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine’s Registered Dietitian-Nutritionist Member Interest Group. She is also the treasurer and secretary of the New York State Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, having previously served in many other leadership roles for the organization, including as past president, awards committee chair, and grant committee chair, among others. She is active in the local Greater New York Dietetic Association and Long Island Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, too.

Source link

Bacterial Vaginosis May Be Sexually Transmitted, Study Finds

It might be easier to clear up a common vaginal infection if both women and their male partners take antibiotics, a new study suggests.

The study focused on bacterial vaginosis, a condition experienced by roughly 1 in 3 women that can cause a fishy or musty smell, unusual discharge, and itching and irritation around the vagina, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). While it’s possible to cure bacterial vaginosis with antibiotics, many women experience repeat infections — even after multiple courses of treatment.

Treatment for Male Partners Cut Bacterial Vaginosis Recurrence Nearly in Half

For the study, researchers wanted to see whether standard treatment — a week of antibiotics just for women — might work better by also giving their male partners a week of oral antibiotics and topical antibiotics applied to the penis.

Scientists randomly assigned 83 monogamous couples to standard treatment for only the women, then gave another 81 couples treatment for both partners.

After 12 weeks, 35 percent of the women whose partners also received antibiotics got bacterial vaginosis again — compared with 63 percent of the women whose male partners were not treated, according to study findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Bacterial Vaginosis May Actually Be an STI

These results suggest that bacterial vaginosis, which isn’t currently categorized as a sexually transmitted infection, might actually be spread through sex, says the lead study author, Lenka Vodstrcil, PhD, a researcher at Monash University and the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia.

“Our study has shown that reinfection from an untreated sexual partner is a significant driver of BV-recurrence,” Dr. Vodstrcil says. “This simple intervention will reduce a woman’s risk of reinfection and increase her probability of being cured.”

There also seemed to be little risk to treating men. A majority of them experienced no side effects, and those who did most often reported mild issues like nausea and headaches, the study found.

What Causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis develops when the natural mix of bacteria in the vagina, known as the vaginal flora, becomes unbalanced. This happens when natural levels of healthy vaginal bacteria known as lactobacilli get too low, and levels of unhealthy bacteria known as anaerobes get too high, per Mayo Clinic.

While bacterial vaginosis can happen to anyone with a vagina, it’s more common in people who have naturally low levels of lactobacilli and in individuals who reduce levels of these healthy bacteria by douching or cleansing the vagina too much, Mayo Clinic says.

Another risk factor for bacterial vaginosis is sexual activity and a new partner or a variety of partners, according to Mayo Clinic.

Tips for Preventing Bacterial Vaginosis and Recurrence

There are three good ways to prevent bacterial vaginosis, per Mayo Clinic:

  • Avoid scented products. Wash the genitals only with warm water, and steer clear of scented soaps, tampons, or maxi pads.
  • Don’t douche. Douching isn’t necessary, and it can alter the vaginal flora and make you more prone to bacterial vaginosis.
  • Practice safe sex. You can help prevent unhealthy bacteria in the vagina by using condoms and keeping sex toys clean.

The new study offers fresh evidence that safe sex can also make it easier to get rid of bacterial vaginosis once you have it, says Christina Muzny, MD, a professor of epidemiology and obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Alabama in Birmingham, who wasn’t involved in the new study.

“We recommend consistent condom use in women, avoidance of douching, and now treatment of male sexual partners if they get a bacterial vaginosis infection,” Dr. Muzny says.

Source link

9 Celebrities With Ulcerative Colitis

Kristeen Cherney, PhD, is a freelance writer, essayist, author, and poet with more than 15 years of health writing experience for digital platforms such as Healthline, The Mighty, and LiveStrong. She’s covered nutrition, women’s and children’s wellness issues, as well as specialized topics ranging from diabetes and thyroid disease to anxiety, depression, asthma, allergies, and skin conditions.

With a doctorate in English (rhetoric and composition), Dr. Cherney focuses her academic scholarship on the intersection between disability and literacy. She also holds a Master of Arts in English and a Bachelor of Arts in communication.

Cherney has contributed to the books The Wiley Handbook on Violence in Education: Forms, Factors, and Preventions, Composing in Four Acts: Readings for Writers, and Georgia State University’s Guide to First-Year Writing, as well as to scholarly journals like Praxis, the Journal of Teaching Writing, and the Journal of Dracula Studies.

Cherney enjoys running, meditating, hiking, and paddleboarding.

Source link

What Is Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz)?

Ovulation pain, also known as mittelschmerz, is discomfort in the lower belly during ovulation, when the ovaries release an egg.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290852a238-ca0b-4114-bcd7-c5cf780b1465 Mittelschmerz comes from the German word meaning “middle pain” because it happens in the middle of the menstrual cycle, around 14 days before a period starts. Although ovulation pain isn’t dangerous and doesn’t need treatment, it’s easy to confuse it with more serious conditions like appendicitis , which can lead to unnecessary tests and treatments.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ef9bf110-6c6e-4e79-88f4-0441baac3da9 Usually, though, the pain is manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and goes away within a few hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976290103b706-59a4-435d-83e3-8e19e4c36db8
Signs and Symptoms of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Symptoms Pain from ovulation is usually felt on one side of the lower belly — the side where the ovary is releasing the egg.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762902e18935-4fca-416e-a9e8-94a6cf1bbb8f Ovulation pain can feel like a mild ache or a sudden sharp pain. It can last for minutes, hours, or less often, for more than a day. Other mittelschmerz symptoms are:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b2d17c5a-f121-4b56-bbcc-dd451ad1ce7e Light vaginal bleeding Clear vaginal discharge Low back pain Nausea
Causes and Risk Factors of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Causes Mittelschmerz may be caused by the ovulation process.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e4b66286-93a0-4965-b157-6f4c90524977 During ovulation, the follicle inside the ovary that houses an egg stretches and then breaks open.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298235b458-c2f0-432e-aec0-2f6c886c9a80 Both the stretching and the rupturing of the follicle can be painful. Pain during ovulation is normal for more than 40 percent of women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629855016d0-afe7-4bb3-86fe-43f8b58bf889 But other medical conditions that cause similar pain could be more serious, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e7f5c494-6641-46d7-a154-3ff9999fab6e Appendicitis Ectopic pregnancy Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory diseases from STIs, like chlamydia
How Is Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Diagnosed? Diagnosis The timing, location of the pain, medical history of you and your family, and medications you take can help with the diagnosis.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762966b16390-dc39-4a77-bb40-1dbf9a02fd67 If the pain happens 14 days before a menstrual period, lasts for a few hours, and feels like a dull ache, it may be mittelschmerz. Part of the diagnosis involves ruling out other causes of pelvic pain. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762966b16390-dc39-4a77-bb40-1dbf9a02fd67 The healthcare provider will start by asking questions about symptoms, medical history, and menstrual cycle. During a pelvic exam, the doctor will look for other conditions that cause this type of pain, like endometriosis or an ovarian cyst. If the doctor still can’t find a cause for the pain, other tests may be done to confirm the cause, such as:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976296761b7da-42ef-40dd-a5ed-7d918f5ec84a Blood tests Computed tomography (CT) scan Pelvic ultrasound X-ray A swab of cervical fluid to test for an STDe60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b10e445e-2593-4f85-991b-77ad7c85c98a
Treatment and Medication Options for Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Treatment Mittelschmerz doesn’t usually need treatment, because the pain goes away within a few minutes or hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 It may help to hold a heating pad on the painful area or take a warm bath. Over-the-counter pain relievers and at-home treatments can calm the pain until it subsides. Medication Options An over-the-counter pain reliever like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) can help with ovarian pain. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 NSAIDs include: Aspirin Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Naproxen (Aleve) If ovulation pain is severe or bothersome, the doctor may prescribe hormonal birth control pills to stop ovulation. e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e59762933243b01-dd63-42a7-ae0b-59d86bd67636 Stopping ovulation should prevent ovulation pain. You will not be able to get pregnant while taking birth control pills. Complementary and Integrative Therapies In addition to over-the-counter pain relievers, the following complementary therapies may help to relieve ovulation pain, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629a63ac71d-40d7-40d0-b89d-92705df7bb1c Acupuncture Acupressure Massage Mindfulness meditation Yoga Home Remedies If you find your ovulation pain to be generally light, applying heat may help.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976298d3b0c0e-6b46-4d09-ade2-4eda1979c5c3 Heat can relax muscles and increase blood flow, which reduces cramping. Try the following for heat remedies: Heating pads Hot baths or showers
Prevention of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Prevention Ovulation pain isn’t preventable, because it’s a normal part of ovulation for some women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629b04bc5af-0a08-43e8-8bb9-f0860df8a640 Usually, the pain doesn’t last long. If mittelschmerz is very bothersome, the only way to prevent it is to stop ovulation through hormonal birth control methods like the pill. Certain foods increase inflammation in the body, and may worsen ovarian pain.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e86507e7-0766-4d7b-ab45-9557a2bd0d1a Other foods lower inflammation and may reduce pain. These foods may help with pain related to the menstrual cycle: Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, sweet potatoes, Brussels sprouts Fruits: Berries, oranges, apples Legumes: Beans, peas, lentils Whole grains: Brown rice, oatmeal Eat fewer foods like these, which increase inflammation:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629e86507e7-0766-4d7b-ab45-9557a2bd0d1a Animal proteins, like red meat, chicken, and eggs Dairy products Refined grains, like white bread and white rice Fried foods Furthermore, to lessen pain related to the menstrual cycle, it may help to reduce or avoid caffeine and alcohol.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629c3b11c8c-3e3a-4b17-a19b-3494010156af
How Long Does Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Last? Prognosis and Outlook Ovulation pain isn’t serious and it should go away on its own within a few minutes or hours.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629f837272d-e648-43f9-8d55-5ff8dc514354 But if this pain is bothersome or it occurs on a regular basis, talk to a healthcare provider about ways to prevent or manage it.
Complications of Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Complications Mittelschmerz doesn’t cause any complications, although ovarian pain from a condition like endometriosis or an ectopic pregnancy can lead to problems.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629ff7c0f50-b0eb-4657-a308-7cd6fb589c86 Ovarian pain itself should go away within a few hours, or days at most.
How Many People Have Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz)? Research and Statistics Mittelschmerz affects more than 40 percent of women during their reproductive years (the years between when their periods start and end).e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976291b1f2cf7-ff7f-4b08-8e4b-986443b583ec Many have ovarian pain during every menstrual cycle, starting a few years after they get their first period.
Disparities and Inequities in Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Disparities There is currently no research to show that mittelschmerz affects any race more than another. But not everyone who needs treatment may have access to it. To prevent ovulation pain, hormonal birth control is needed to stop ovulation. But racial and ethnic disparities in access to hormonal birth control do exist.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297b17d971-95bf-426d-93b5-4cf3c127ef8d White women are more likely to be prescribed hormonal medications than are Black or Latinx women.e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e5976297b17d971-95bf-426d-93b5-4cf3c127ef8d One reason is bias among healthcare providers. Another is that studies on hormonal therapy for treating menstrual cycle problems disproportionately include more white participants than participants of color. And, for various reasons, including beliefs about treatment, certain racial and ethnic groups may be less likely to follow the treatment plan for ovarian pain that their doctor prescribes.
Conditions Related to Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz) Related Conditions Several other conditions that cause ovarian or lower belly pain may be mistaken for mittelschmerz, including:e60dc2a1-f33c-4a05-9b50-8e3e8e597629d22b7175-51ea-4e55-8eb7-112c68f23888 Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix, an organ in the lower belly Ectopic pregnancy When a fertilized egg implants and starts to grow outside of the uterus, often in a fallopian tube Endometriosis Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus that grows in other parts of the abdomen and causes pain Ovarian cyst A fluid-filled sac that forms in the ovary Ovarian torsion When an ovary twists around Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) An infection of the reproductive organs Scar tissue Scarring from a C-section or other abdominal surgery that causes organs in the belly to stick together (adhesions) The Takeaway Ovulation pain affects around 40 percent of women who are of reproductive age. It may be caused by the follicle stretching and then rupturing to release the egg. The pain is most often felt in the lower belly on the same side as the follicle. Mittelschmerz usually lasts only a few hours and is manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers and a heating pad.
Resources We Trust Cleveland Clinic: Ovulation Calendar: What It Is and How to Use It Mayo Clinic: MittelschmerzPhysicians Committee for Responsible Medicine: Using Foods Against Menstrual PainNHS: Ovulation PainPlanned Parenthood: Can birth control help with period cramps?

Source link

Loss of Taste and Smell From COVID-19, and How to Get Them Back

Most of the time, a person’s senses of taste and smell will come back on their own soon after recovering from a COVID infection. When they don’t, there’s no guaranteed way to treat this condition. Here’s what we know so far.

Medical Treatments and Therapies

Research is still in the early stages, but the following therapies are being investigated:

  • Medications: These include steroid nasal drops, sprays, and large-volume irrigation.

  • Stellate ganglion block: In this procedure, anesthesia is injected into nerves in the neck.

  • Neuromodulation: This treatment uses either magnetic pulses or electrical currents to stimulate specific nerves or areas of the brain.

  • Platelet-rich plasma: In this treatment, a concentrated solution of your own blood cells is injected around the olfactory nerves.

There is not enough evidence yet to show how effective these treatments are or who might benefit.

Olfactory Training

While taste and smell are two distinct senses, they work together to give flavor to what you eat and drink. So, restoring your sense of taste may start with your nose.

Anthony Del Signore, MD, director of rhinology and skull base surgery at Mount Sinai Beth Israel in New York City, has seen promising results in patients using olfactory training, or “smell therapy.”

“We’ve been using essential oils, basically as smelling rehab,” Dr. Del Signore says. “We typically use lemon, cloves, and around three or four different oils.” Rose and eucalyptus are common scents to try. “We tell patients to breathe it in and out and try to remember what it smelled like. It can help to get neural pathways reestablished. It does take a little bit of time, around three to six months, but we’ve seen a good response with that,” he says.

Even though smell therapy has not been rigorously studied in COVID-19 patients, Del Signore says, “We recommend patients at least try it. It’s not going to hurt anything.”

Steps for Olfactory Training

  1. Choose four distinct scents.
  2. Sniff each scent gently for about 20 seconds, concentrating on what you’re trying to smell.
  3. Repeat this process twice a day.
  4. Continue for at least 12 weeks or until you notice improvement.

Home Remedies

While you can find all kinds of purported home remedies on social media — like eating foods with a particularly strong flavor — nothing has been found to be as effective as olfactory training, says Dr. Dalton. “Many people do begin to enjoy spicy food because that sensation is often preserved when smell or taste is lost. So, there’s no harm in [eating] spicy food, but there have been no randomized controlled trials to show that it’s effective.”

Experts also recommend that smokers quit, since smoking can dull your senses of taste and smell.

Source link

7 Morning Routines Sleep Experts Swear By

1. Wake Up at the Same Time Every Day

You may be tempted to “catch up” on your sleep over the weekend, but Michael Breus, PhD, a clinical psychologist and sleep medicine expert based in Manhattan Beach, California, recommends waking up at the same time every day, even on the weekends.

Based on an overwhelming body of evidence, the National Sleep Foundation’s sleep timing and variability panel agreed in a consensus statement that regular sleep schedules are important for various measures of health and performance, including sleep duration and sleep quality.

However, when you don’t get enough sleep during the workweek (experts recommend that adults get at least seven hours per night), getting one to two extra hours on non-workdays may be beneficial, the panel added.

2. Get Out of Bed Right Away

For better sleep at night, don’t prolong getting out of bed in the morning. “When I wake up, the first thing I do is get out of my bed,” Polos says. “The bed should be reserved for sleep and sex, and when you spend too much time relaxing in bed in the morning, it prevents your mind and body from associating sleep with the bed.”

3. Open Your Blinds

After getting out of bed, Polos lets the light in. “The next thing I do [after waking up] is open my blinds,” he says. Why? “Experiencing daylight first thing in the morning triggers your mind to know it’s time to be awake.”

In the morning, as light exposure increases, your brain stops producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates your sleep-wake cycle and makes you feel sleepy. Your body temperature also rises, making you feel awake. Conversely, as the sun sets in the evening, your brain begins producing melatonin and your core body temperature drops, making you feel less alert.

In other words, for optimal sleep, you want your sleep-wake cycle to align with your body’s natural circadian rhythms.

The Sleep Foundation recommends getting at least 30 minutes of early exposure to daylight each day, either by stepping outside or letting natural light in through the windows, in order to align your sleep-wake pattern and make it easier to sleep at night.

4. Meditate First Thing in the Morning

Breus likes to start his day by meditating, and recommends the Muse headband, which includes several meditation practices and tracks some brain activity while you use it.

5. Do Breathwork

Breus also recommends doing breathwork to improve sleep. One small pilot trial found that slow breathing exercise prior to bedtime may improve some aspects of sleep, although more research is needed.

Other studies have found that mindful breathing can help improve insomnia and sleep quality.

6. Exercise on the Early Side

Polos’s morning routine includes exercise on most days. He does a cardio rowing and weight-training combination workout (usually for about 45 to 60 minutes) three to four times a week, and swims one day per week.

Getting enough to moderate- to high-intensity exercise comes with many health benefits, including improving sleep quality and preventing insomnia, notes one review.

But it’s important to point out that exercise, particularly higher-intensity exercise, raises your body’s core body temperature, and may actually make it tougher to fall asleep.

“If you can fit in a workout in your morning routine, I’d recommend doing it then rather than at night for that very reason,” Polos says.

Physical activity late in the evening may also lower levels of melatonin and make it harder to sleep, the review says.

But Polos adds that the extent to which various types of exercise affect your sleep also depends in large part on the individual. You might find that choosing a lower-impact workout like yoga, stretching, or brisk walking doesn’t impact your sleep at all, he says.

7. Eat a Balanced Breakfast

Polos says he doesn’t skip breakfast. He chooses a balanced meal that usually includes protein, some fat, and some carbohydrates within two hours of waking up. “Prior to the gym, I usually have a banana, yogurt, or some lightly buttered toast and water. Then when I come home, I have breakfast.” Breakfast might include cereal and milk, eggs, or oatmeal, as well as fruit and coffee.

“The morning fuel we take in can have a major impact on how we function during the day,” Polos adds.

One narrative review found that eating a balanced diet, including high-fiber meals that contain sufficient protein, carbohydrates, and fats, has a positive effect on sleep quality.

The Takeaway

  • What you do first thing in the morning can help prep your body for a good night’s sleep in the evening.
  • Exercising, meditating, and eating a balanced breakfast early in the day are just some of the healthy habits that can set you up for better sleep at the end of the day.
  • Having a regular sleep schedule, avoiding the bed when it’s not bedtime, and making sure you are exposed to natural light every day can also help you sleep better at night.

Source link

Lower Butter Consumption May Be Tied to a Longer Life

If you think everything is better with butter, you might want to think again. A new study suggests that people who eat lots of butter have an increased risk of premature death.

The study included about 221,000 adults who were typically in their midfifties and had no history of major health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s or multiple sclerosis.

Over a follow-up period of up to more than three decades, participants completed dietary questionnaires every four years that included information on their consumption of butter, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, and olive oil.

During the study period, 50,932 people died, including 12,241 deaths from cancer and 11,240 due to heart disease, according to findings published in JAMA Internal Medicine.

People who ate the most butter were 15 percent more likely to die of all causes during the study period.

But plant-based oils appeared to have the opposite effect. People who ate the most plant-based oils were 16 percent less likely to die during the study.

Researchers controlled for confounding factors including age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, and history of high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

Fat Type Makes a Difference in Early Death Risk

The different impact of butter and plant-based oils on longevity is likely due to differences in the types of fats they contain, says Yikyung Park, ScD, a professor at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, who wasn’t involved in the new study.

“The fat in butter is mostly saturated fat, which is considered unhealthy because it increases bad cholesterol in the blood, which is linked to a higher risk of heart disease,” Dr. Park says.

“But plant oils mostly contain unsaturated fat, which is the healthy type,” Park says. “Unsaturated fats can improve your blood lipid profile and help fight inflammation in the body.”

Previous research has shown that both polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats, when eaten instead of saturated fats like butter, are tied to lower LDL “bad” cholesterol levels and a lower risk of heart disease.

Just 1 Daily Tablespoon of Butter Was Harmful

It didn’t take a lot of butter to increase the risk of premature death, the study found. People who consumed the highest amount of butter ate about 13 to 14 grams (g) daily, or about 1 tablespoon (tbsp). There are typically 8 tbsp in a stick of butter. People with the lowest butter consumption took in, at most, about 0.2 g daily.

The negative impact of butter on longevity appeared tied to how much butter people put on their bread, the study found. The amount of butter people used for baking and frying food didn’t make a meaningful difference in the risk of premature death.

Canola, Soybean, and Olive Oil Were Tied to Lower Early Death Risk

People who ate the highest amount of plant-based oils (tied to the biggest longevity boost) consumed about 5 teaspoons (tsp) per day. Low consumption was about 1 tsp per day.

Three types of oil did the most to reduce the risk of premature death: canola, soybean, and olive. Corn oil and safflower oil, two seed oils, didn’t appear to significantly affect longevity, the study found.

Each additional 10 g (about 2 tsp) a day of plant-based oils was associated with an 11 percent lower risk of premature death from cancer and a 6 percent lower risk of fatalities from heart disease, the study also found.

In contrast, each additional 10 g of butter a day was tied to 12 percent higher risk of premature death from cancer, but didn’t appear to alter the risk of heart disease fatalities.

A Healthy Diet for Longevity

The study wasn’t designed to prove whether or how eating more butter might cause early deaths or how consuming more plant oils might prevent premature fatalities.

One limitation of the study is that it relied on people to accurately recall and report on how much butter and oil they consumed, leaving room for human error. Another is that most study participants were white healthcare workers, so the findings may not be generalizable to other groups.

Finally, it’s possible that other eating habits influenced the connections between longevity, butter, and plant-based oils.

“The lower mortality with plant-based oils is most likely related to people using these as part of a healthier diet,” says Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD, an emeritus professor of nutritional sciences at Pennsylvania State University in University Park who wasn’t involved in the new study. “They would have a higher diet quality, which decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.”

The health benefits of adding plant-based oils to your diet depend a lot on how you do it, Dr. Kris-Etherton says.

For example, consuming salad dressings with plant-based oils or using these oils to roast vegetables or sauté lean proteins like poultry or seafood will likely help you achieve the longevity benefits seen in the study, Kris-Etherton says.

By contrast, eating lots of ultra-processed foods like potato chips or sweets like cakes and cookies that contain plant-based oils is less likely to provide the same longevity benefits, she says.

Moderation is also key, even when it comes to healthier plant-based oils, Park says. You should aim to get no more than 20 to 35 percent of your daily calories from fats, including plant-based oils, Park says.

“While plant-based oils are a healthier choice than butter, eating too much of any oil can increase your calorie intake and potentially lead to weight gain,” Park says. “So, it’s important to use them in moderation.”

Source link

Exit mobile version